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An interdisciplinary approach to assess the impacts of climate change on the socio-ecological systems of selected regions of the BRICS countries

Clean Water and Pollution

Demand for safe and clean water is increasing due to an exponential rise in population in developing countries which in turn enhances the pollution in waterbodies. Most of the industries in developing countries discharge their partially treated wastewaters directly on nearby drains outside their premises. The discharged waters ultimately get mixed with the drainage waters which comprise of urban run-offs and in some cases agricultural wastewaters. Finally, the wastewater from these drainage systems finds its way to the natural water bodies and cause sub-surface (soil and groundwater) and surface water pollution. The presence of organic and inorganic nutrients in the wastewater cause eutrophication of natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes and other reservoirs at the watershed scale. However, there is no prominent and well established model to explain the science behind the phenomena of mixing of pollutant waters of the water bodies with the underlying ground water reservoir and its threatening effect to the ecology.